MUHIMMAN BAYANAI AKAN COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

Program: Jeri ne na umarni wanda CPU ke aiwatar dashi. Za'a iya bayyana programa matsayin jerin umarni wanda aka tsara, wanda idan aka aiwatar dashi yakan sanyakwamfuta tayi abin da ake so tayi. Haka zalika computer program jerin umarni ne masunasaba da juna waɗanda ke baiwa  kwamfuta umarnin yadda zata cim ma takamaiman aiki.
Wannan dalilin yasa ba tare da program ba kwamfuta ba zata iya aiwatar da komaida komai b
Programming: shine aikin rubuta code ko yin aiki domin rubuta computer program.
Programmer: shine wanda yake rubuta code ko jerin umarni ga kwamfuta yayinprogramming.
Code (source code): kalma ce wadda ake amfani da ita don bayyana rubutu wanda computer programmer yake rubuta shi ta amfani da dokoki da ƙa'idoji na waniprogramming language.
Coding: wannan shine yin rubutu ko rubuta code.
Computer language: shine yaren da kwamfuta take amfani da shi domin fahimtaraikin da aka umarce ta tayi.
Programming Language: shine yaren da ake amfani da shi yayin rubuta computer program. Bugu da kari Programming Language yare ne na wucin gadi wanda za a iyaamfani da shi domin sarrafa halayen na'ura musamman kwamfuta. Haka kuma programming language hanya ce wacce programmer ke amfani dashi dominsadarwa tare da kwamfuta domin warware nau'ikan matsaloli daban-daban.
Ta yaya ake tsammanin ɗan adam zai iya sadarwa tare da kwamfuta? Kwamfuta bazata iya fahimtar kowane irin umurni da za a bayar a English ko Hausa ko a wanitaren ɗan adam ba. Tana da nata jerin umarnin da ake amfani dasu domin sadarwa, wato abinda ake kira Computer Language, ma'ana yaren kwamfuta. Dole ne mai
amfani da kwamfuta ya iya sadarwa tare da ita. Wannan yana nufin, dole ne yakasance zai iya bawa kwamfuta umarni kuma ya fahimci abubuwan da kwamfutar kesamarwa. Hakan na yiwuwa ne sakamakon kirkirar Computer Languages. Asali,akwai manyan nau’ika biyu na Computer Language, waɗanda sune:
1. Low Level Language
2. High Level Language
1.Low Level Languages
Low level languages sune yaruka ko umarnin komfuta na asali waɗanda aka fi sani da machine codes. Kwamfuta ba za ta iya fahimtar duk wani umarnin da mai amfani da ita ya bata a cikin Turanci, Hausa ko wani yare na daban ba. Waɗannan low levellanguages suna da sauƙin fahimta ga kowane na'urori ko machines. Babban aikinlow level languages shine yin hulɗa da computer hardware. Bayan haka sunataimakawa cikin aiki, daidaitawa da sarrafa duk system components na kwamfuta da
hardware.
Machine Language: Wannan shine generation na farko daga cikin low levellanguages. Da farko an ƙirƙiro shi ne domin yin ma'amala da kwamfutocin ƙarni nafarko(wato first generation computers). Bayan haka kuma ana rubuta shi a cikin abin da ake cewa binary code ko machine code, wanda gabaɗaya ya ƙunshi lambobi biyu
kawai - 0 da 1.
Assembly Language: Wannan shine generation na biyu na programming language. Assembly Language wani ci gaba ne akan machine language, inda maimakon amfanida lambobi kawai, ana iya haɗawa da kalmomin English, da kuma symbols. bugu dakari wannan computer language ne mafi mahimmanci ga kowane processor.
2.High Level Language
Lokacin da muke magana game da high level languages, waɗannan programminglanguages ne. Wasu mashahuran misalan su sune PASCAL, FORTRAN, C ++ da dai sauransu. Babban mahimmin fasali game da irin waɗannan high level languagesshine bawa programmer damar ya rubuta program ga kowane irin kwamfutoci dakowane irin system. Amma kuma duk wani umarni a cikin high level language anafara canza shi ne zuwa machine language kafin kwamfutar ta iya fahimta.
Scripting Languages: Scripting languages ko kuma scripts, programming languagesne masu muhimmanci. Waɗannan suna amfani da babban matakin gini wanda keda damar fassarawa da aiwatar da umarni ɗaya a lokaci guda. Scripting languages
suna da sauƙin koyo da aiwatarwa fiye da compiled languages. Misalan su suneAppleScript, JavaScript, Pearl da dai sauransu.
Object-Oriented Languages: Waɗannan su ne high level languages da ke mai dahankali kan 'abubuwa(object)' maimakon 'ayyuka(function)'. Domin cimma wannan,za a mai da hankali ne kan bayanai fiye da manufa. Dalilin kuwa shine cewaprogrammers suna kulawa da object wanda suke so su sarrafa maimakon tunaninda ake buƙata don sarrafa su. Misalan su sun haɗa da Java, C+, C++, Python, Swift
da dai sauransu.
Procedural Programming Language: Wannan nau'ikan programming languages newaɗanda ke da tsari mai kyau da kuma tsari mai rikitarwa a cikin programming yayintsara cikakken program. Yana da systematic order function da umarni don kammalaaiki ko program. Misalan su shine FORTRAN, ALGOL, BASIC, COBOL da sauransu.
Zaka iya samun qarin bayani waɗanda suke da alaƙa da computer programming a 
Daga
ALPHOLTAWY DIGITAL INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
(ADIT)
Ismail Hussaini Adamu
(ALPHOLTAWY)
Domin neman Karin Bayani
alpholtawy.design.blog
09047958802
Alpholtawy@gmail.com